Understanding Bunions: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options
Bunions, medically known as hallux valgus, are a common and often painful foot condition that affects the joint at the base of the big toe. This condition causes the big toe to shift toward the second toe, resulting in a bony bump on the side of the foot. Over time, bunions can become more pronounced, leading to discomfort, inflammation, and difficulty wearing shoes or walking comfortably.
What Causes Bunions?
Bunions can form due to a combination of factors. One of the most significant is genetics—if bunions run in your family, you may be more likely to develop them. Foot structure also plays a role; people with flat feet, hypermobile joints, or abnormal foot mechanics are at higher risk.
Footwear is another major contributor. Shoes that are tight, narrow, or have high heels place excessive pressure on the toes and the front of the foot, encouraging the big toe to shift inward over time. Additionally, inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or previous foot injuries can lead to bunion development.
Common Symptoms of Bunions
The symptoms of bunions can vary in severity but often include:
- A visible bump on the side of the big toe
- Swelling, redness, or tenderness around the joint
- Pain or aching, especially when walking or wearing shoes
- Restricted movement of the big toe
- Development of corns or calluses where the toes overlap
These symptoms can worsen over time, especially without proper footwear or treatment. In some cases, bunions can also affect balance and lead to secondary issues such as hammertoes or bursitis.
Bunion Treatment Options
Early intervention is key when it comes to managing bunions. At Podiatry Hub, we offer a range of non-surgical and surgical treatment options, depending on the severity of your condition.
Conservative treatments include:
- Footwear changes: Wearing wider shoes with a deep toe box can relieve pressure on the bunion and reduce pain.
- Custom orthotics: These inserts can improve foot alignment and offload stress from the affected joint.
- Padding and strapping: These methods help cushion the area and provide temporary relief from pressure and friction.
- Icing and rest: Applying ice packs and avoiding long periods on your feet can help manage flare-ups.
For more advanced or painful cases, surgical options may be considered. Bunion surgery, or bunionectomy, aims to correct the alignment of the toe joint and remove the bony prominence. Our podiatrists will guide you through your options and recommend surgery only when necessary and appropriate.
When to See a Podiatrist
If you notice a developing bump on your big toe or are experiencing persistent foot pain, it’s best to seek professional advice early. Bunions typically worsen over time if left untreated and addressing them sooner can reduce discomfort and prevent complications.
At Podiatry Hub, we take a personalised approach to bunion care. Our experienced podiatrists assess the structure of your foot, your gait, and the severity of your bunion to tailor a treatment plan that fits your lifestyle and goals.
Don’t let bunions hold you back—schedule a consultation at Podiatry Hub and take the first step toward more comfortable, pain-free feet.
Dylan McDonald (Podiatrist)